In the previous blog, we discussed race conditions and how they can cause unpredictable behavior in multi-threaded programs. To avoid such issues, it’s crucial to use proper thread synchronization...

In the world of system programming, threads play a pivotal role in achieving concurrency and efficient resource utilization. A thread is the smallest unit of execution within a process. Unlike pro...

In Linux, signals are a fundamental mechanism for inter-process communication (IPC) and process control. They allow processes to send notifications to each other or to themselves about specific eve...

We have already covered about what is process. Let’s recall it - A process is a running instance of a program. It has: Its own memory space (stack, heap, data, and text segments) File descri...

When a program executes, it requires memory to store data, variables, and control structures. In Linux, memory allocation can broadly be categorized into two types: static and dynamic. Each serves ...

In the early days of computing, programs had direct access to physical memory (RAM). This worked when computers ran one program at a time. But as systems became more complex and started supporting ...

Process A process is an executing instance of a program. When you run a program, it creates a process that contains the program’s code, data, and resources. Each process has its own memory space, ...

While basic I/O functions like read(), write(), and open() are sufficient for many tasks, high-performance or specialized applications often require advanced I/O techniques. In this article, we’ll...

Almost everything in Linux—whether it’s hardware devices, directories, or sockets—is treated as a file. The kernel provides a unified interface for file operations through system calls and the Virt...

“System programming involves developing software that provides core services to the operating system and hardware, enabling user applications to interact with system resources efficiently. It focus...